london underground line, with most stations

A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. [186][187] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[188] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. The 85 existing 1992-stock trains are the most unreliable on the London Underground as they are equipped with the first generation of solid-state direct-current thyristor-control traction equipment. Now, the ventilation space above head height is crowded with ducting, conduits, cameras, speakers and equipment acting as a baffle plates with predictable reductions in flow. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. Some stations were closed because of low passenger numbers rendering them uneconomical; some became redundant after lines were re-routed or replacements were constructed; and others are no longer served by the Underground but remain open to National Rail main line services. The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines. The Bakerloo line will receive new trains as part of the New Tube for London project. There can also be a step from platform to train as large as 12 inches (300mm) and a gap between the train and curved platforms, and these distances are marked on the map. The entire Victoria line was suspended from 7am, before . [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. How many stations are there on the London Underground? The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][140][141]. Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. Major work is to be undertaken on the fleet to ensure their continued reliability with brakes, traction control systems, doors, automatic control systems being repaired or replaced, among other components. [134] A 2000 study reported that air quality was seventy-three times worse than at street level, with a passenger inhaling the same mass of particulates during a twenty-minute journey on the Northern line as when smoking a cigarette. Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. In 2020, passenger numbers fell significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and 40 stations were temporarily closed. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. Stopping services, which stop at every station on the route, may be described as "all-stations" services. [40], Yerkes soon had control of the District Railway and established the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1902 to finance and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (Bakerloo), the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (Hampstead) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, (Piccadilly), which all opened between 1906 and 1907. [9], The system's first tunnels were built just below the ground, using the cut-and-cover method; later, smaller, roughly circular tunnelswhich gave rise to its nickname, the Tubewere dug through at a deeper level. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. If you take the average depth below sea level of all the platforms in each tube station - an important clarification - London Bridge comes out on top (bottom). Its first section opened in 1863, making it the oldest underground metro system in the world. The first section of the Metropolitan District Railway, from South Kensington to Westminster (now part of the District and Circle lines), opens. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. There are two instances where two separate stations share the same name: there is one Edgware Road station on the Circle, District, and Hammersmith & City lines and another Edgware Road on the Bakerloo line, and there is one Hammersmith station on the District and Piccadilly lines and another Hammersmith station on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines. Overall, 75 of the 100 best-performing busy stations in the UK are in the capital, and London Overground is one of the top three most punctual railway lines, rail tracker website On Time Trains found. [22] To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster in Britain during the Second World War, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[334] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. On 10 January, The Metropolitan Railway opens the world's first underground railway, between Paddington (then called Bishop's Road) and Farringdon Street. On our website, you will find the following information about the London Underground: maps of daytime and night-time services, fares, timetables, maps of each tube line, and the railway lines connecting each end of Greater London. [266][267], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. [213], In addition to automatic and staffed faregates at stations, the Underground also operates on a proof-of-payment system. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. ", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1134022127, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. The deepest station below sea level. [306] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. Fares are calculated based on the number of zones traversed. 191 trains have been introduced: 58 for the Metropolitan line and 133 for the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines. The day-to-day running of the corporation is left to the Commissioner of Transport for London. New full-sized underground National Rail platforms at Lewisham (a great opportunity to rebuild that terrible station!) The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and adjacent districts of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. [261] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933. [127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars. [258][259] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. [8] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[3] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. The system is composed of eleven lines - Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City - serving 272 stations. Bank and Monument operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. [280], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. The extension was privately funded, with contributions from developments across the Battersea Power Station, Vauxhall and Nine Elms areas. [146][147] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. [243] Mobile phone apps and services have been developed to help passengers claim their refund more efficiently. [335], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. For the word puzzle clue of which london underground station is the most easterly on the district line, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results.Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. Heathrow Terminals 2 and 3 station is between the terminals, which are a few minutes' walk away via pedestrian subway. [74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. All underground trains are required to comply with The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010 (RVAR 2010) by 2020.[130]. [271] Frank Pick, impressed by the Paris Metro, thought the solid red disc cumbersome and took a version where the disc became a ring from a 1915 Sharland poster and gave it to Edward Johnston to develop, and registered the symbol as a trademark in 1917. Therefore, the transportation and complex network literatures include extensive information about the Tube system. [53], In 1933, most of London's underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, which used the London Transport brand. Other famous London Underground branding includes the roundel and the Johnston typeface, created by Edward Johnston in 1916. Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.. There were 43 deaths and 74 injuries, the greatest loss of life during peacetime on the London Underground. In early 2014 the Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City line rolling-stock replacement project was renamed New Tube for London (NTfL) and moved from the feasibility stage to the design and specification stage. [331] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. [289] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. The system is patrolled by both uniformed and plain-clothes fare inspectors with hand-held Oyster-card readers. The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. [323] Today, commissions range from the pocket tube map cover, to temporary art pieces, to large scale permanent installations in stations. Clapham Common. [231][232], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[154][233][234] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. Round 3: London Underground True or False Questions. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. Likewise, Southwark follows at 21m, Elephant & Castle at 18m, followed by Pimlico at 16m . [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. [283] The City & South London Railway opened with red-brick buildings, designed by Thomas Phillips Figgis, topped with a lead-covered dome that contained the lift mechanism and weather vane (still visible at many stations e.g. [340], This article is about the rapid transit system in London. Popular legends about the Underground being haunted persist to this day. [171][172], The Central line was the first line to be modernised in the 1990s, with 85 new 1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. [291] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. [57] The 193540 New Works Programme included the extension of the Central and Northern lines and the Bakerloo line to take over the Metropolitan's Stanmore branch. The goal is to visit all the stations on the system, but not necessarily using all the lines; participants may connect between stations on foot, or by using other forms of public transport. Altogether there are 25 stations, 15 of which are underground, on 23.2 km of track. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a single-player level named Mind The Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down terrorists attempting to escape using the London Underground via a hijacked train. Download free London travel maps of the London Underground and other public transport routes. Two people have been stabbed outside of Harlesden station in west London [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. Bank/Mounment has 6 (if you include the DLR). 1 Piccadilly line - 71km. The two Paddington stations operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. [278][279], In 2016, Tate Modern commissioned conceptual artist Michael Craig-Martin to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. The stations were the first on the Underground to have platform edge doors, and were built to have step free access throughout. [133] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. [230], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. Piccadilly line capacity could be increased by 60% with 33 trains per hour (tph) at peak times by 2025. London Underground is therefore extending their operational life by making major repairs to many of the trains to maintain reliability. Today, London Underground delivers approximately 2.5 billion passenger journeys annually on 11 lines, from 272 stations. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. [305] The Johnston typeface was developed in upper and lower case in 1916, and a complete set of blocks, marked Johnston Sans, was made by the printers the following year. Its platforms are, on average, 22m below sea level. It has been shown as two separate stations at different times in the past. At peak times, there are more than 543 trains whizzing around the Capital. [15] This was followed by the adoption of Apple Pay in 2015[196] and Android Pay in 2016,[197] allowing payment using a contactless-enabled phone or smartwatch. The London Underground uses a system of nine concentric zones for the calculation of fares between stations. [184][185] On 9 October 2014 TFL published a shortlist of those (Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi, CAF and Bombardier) who had expressed an interest in supplying 250 trains for between 1.0billion and 2.5billion, and on the same day opened an exhibition with a design by PriestmanGoode. Estimated to cost between 4.7bn to 7.9bn (in 2017 prices), the extension would take around 7 years to construct. Bond Street Underground Station Tube Station Canary Wharf Underground Station Tube Station Farringdon Underground Station Tube Station King's Cross St. Pancras Underground Station Tube Station London Bridge Underground Station Tube Station Tottenham Court Road Underground Station Tube Station Waterloo Underground Station Tube Station [168][169] In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled articulated trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. [108] Trains generally run on the left-hand track. [149] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. [322], Art on the Underground was launched in 2000 to revive London Underground as a patron of the arts. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. There are 20 miles (32km) of cut-and-cover tunnel and 93 miles (150km) of tube tunnel. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. A notice was published on 28 February 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union asking for expressions of interest in building the trains. On social media, email or the website, our travel tools can help you get around. [83], In 2000, Transport for London (TfL) was created as an integrated body responsible for London's transport system. [189] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[190] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[184][185] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. [1] The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines form the sub-surface network, with railway tunnels just below the surface and of a similar size to those on British main lines, converging on a circular bi-directional loop around zone 1. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). [310], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. [301] West Ham station was built as a homage to the red brick tube stations of the 1930s, using brick, concrete and glass. [63] On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). Reveal Map: World Capitals II. [146] The escalators had a diagonal shunt at the top landing. Search for Tube station or line (e.g. [98][100] By increasing rail capacity, the line aims to reduce overcrowding on the Tube and cut cross-London journey times. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. [175][176], The signalling system on the Northern line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by 20%, as the line now runs 24 trains per hour at peak times, compared to 20 previously. ", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2011/12", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "Licencing London's contactless ticketing system", "Design in Relation to the Problem: The London Underground", "Celebrities of Advertising II: Frank Pick", "Frank Pick and his Influence on Design in England", "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941", "Bethnal Green Tube disaster marked 70 years on", "In Living Memory, Series 11: The 1975 Moorgate tube disaster", "Kings Cross Tragedy Means Safety First For London Underground", "Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture", "About TfL How we work How we are governed Subsidiary companies", "A brief history of the Underground London Underground milestones", "London tube introduces contactless payments", "Services - 541858-2020 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily", "London 2012: Games bring record London Underground users", "London Underground breaks the record again for busiest day ever on the Tube", "Elizabeth line: What is Crossrail and when does it open? In 1999, Carlton Television premiered a regional game show (Greater London area only) also called Mind the Gap. Blind Ultimate Minefield: Europe. The first trains run from about 05:00 and the last trains until just after 01:00, with later starting times on Sunday mornings. 1868. Police said they were called . [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. [281] The Metropolitan Railway's original seven stations were inspired by Italianate designs, with the platforms lit by daylight from above and by gas lights in large glass globes. 2012 - A new fleet of electric trains are introduced, the first on the Underground to feature air conditioning and full-length, walk-through interiors Northern line The Northern line, opened. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). Photo Sales. London: Vintage Books. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. 1. How many stops are there on the Victoria line? [77], In 1984 control of London Buses and the London Underground passed back to central government with the creation of London Regional Transport (LRT), which reported directly to the Secretary of State for Transport, still retaining the London Transport brand. [332] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[333]. Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. Updated: August 2022. [315] Pick found he was limited by the commercial artists the printers used, and so commissioned work from artists and designers such as Dora Batty,[316] Edward McKnight Kauffer, the cartoonist George Morrow,[312] Herry (Heather) Perry,[316] Graham Sutherland,[312] Charles Sharland[317] and the sisters Anna and Doris Zinkeisen. ", "Elizabeth line: almost 50 years in the planning for Crossrail timeline", "Elizabeth line: Crossrail complete after decades of struggle", "Coronavirus: 40 London Underground stations to be closed", "London Underground: Nine Elms and Battersea Power Station set to open", "Northern Line extension: Two new Tube stations open", "150 London Underground facts (including the birth of Jerry Springer in East Finchley station)", "Which London Underground line is the fastest? The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. [79], On 18 November 1987, fire broke out in an escalator at King's Cross St Pancras tube station. A control room for the sub-surface network has been built in Hammersmith and an automatic train control (ATC) system is to replace ageing signalling equipment dating from between the mid-1920s and late 1980s, including the signal cabin at Edgware Road, the control room at Earl's Court, and the signalling centre at Baker Street. King's Cross underground station is more popularly known as King's Cross St. Pancras, as two overground stations meet here. In the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary design work took place on an extension. [275] As of 2013[update], forms of the roundel, with differing colours for the ring and bar, are used for other TfL services, such as London Buses, Tramlink, London Overground, London River Services and Docklands Light Railway. [249] Most platforms at deep tube stations have pits, often referred to as 'suicide pits', beneath the track. Private infrastructure companies (infracos) would upgrade and maintain the railway, and London Underground would run the train service. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. The Hammersmith & City and Circle lines share stations and most of their track with each other, as well as with the Metropolitan and District lines. . The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. [225], Night Tube services were suspended in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. The game also features the multiplayer map "Underground", in which players are combating in a fictitious Underground station. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. [84], TfL eventually replaced London Regional Transport, and discontinued the use of the London Transport brand in favour of its own brand. Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield. [170], The thirty-six 1972-stock trains on the Bakerloo line have already exceeded their original design life of 40 years. [25] The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground "inner circle" connecting London's main-line stations. All Usage statistics (total entry plus exits) are in millions per year for 2021 , Video of every London Underground Station, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station, Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, List of busiest London Underground stations, London Underground stations that are listed buildings, "New Northern line stations open today as Tube extends to Battersea Power Station", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_London_Underground_stations&oldid=1132862226, Commercial Road: (Proposed before opening), Nightingale Lane: (Proposed before opening), Ilford North/Cranbrook: (Proposed before opening), King's Cross (Metropolitan line): 18631925, Cranbourn Street: (Proposed before opening), Lisson Grove/Marylebone: (Proposed before opening), King William Street: (Proposed before opening), Moorgate Street (Metropolitan line): 18651924, Seymour Street: (Proposed before opening), East Barnet/Merryhills: (Proposed before opening), Kennington Oval: (Proposed before opening), Paddington (Praed Street) (Circle line): 18681947, Ilford West/Red House: (Proposed before opening), Newgate Street: (Proposed before opening), Ducketts Green/Harringay: (Proposed before opening), Warrington Crescent: (Proposed before opening), Archway Tavern: (Proposed before opening), Arsenal (Highbury Hill): 1932 (suffix gradually dropped), Lombard Street (Northern line): (Proposed before opening), Bayswater (Queen's Road) & Westbourne Grove: 192333, Bayswater (Queensway): 1946 (suffix gradually dropped), Sheaves Hill/Orange Hill/Deansbrook: (Proposed before opening), Burnt Oak (Watling): 1928 (suffix gradually dropped), Chancery Lane (Grays Inn): 1934 (suffix gradually dropped), Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo line): 190679, Charing Cross (Strand) (Northern line): 191415, Charing Cross (Embankment) (Bakerloo & Northern lines): 191415, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 23:39. [152], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. This resulted in a 40% increase in capacity between Seven Sisters and Walthamstow Central. [260] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. Westminster Picture: Alamy Admit it: every time you change at Westminster from the Circle line to the Jubilee. Until 1994 the Waterloo & City line was operated by British Rail and its predecessors. Approximately 55 per cent of its routes are . [142] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. [96][97] Many Overground stations interchange with Underground ones, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. This system depends on adequate cross-sectional area of the airspace above the passengers heads in the foot tunnels and escalators, where laminar airflow is proportional to the fourth power of the radius, the HagenPoiseuille equation. Kings X is also the most popular (in terms of entry and exits), followed by Waterloo, Oxford Circus and Victoria. The district line has the most station. London Tube line suspended after horror double stabbing by station in broad daylight Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north west London. [192], The Underground received 2.669billion in fares in 2016/17 and uses Transport for London's zonal fare system to calculate fares. [85][86], In the early 2000s, London Underground was reorganised in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as part of a project to upgrade and modernise the system. It was first opened in 1863 and is the second-busiest underground station in the whole of London. The District, needing to raise the finance necessary, found an investor in the American Charles Yerkes who favoured a DC system similar to that in use on the City & South London and Central London railways. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. Two people have been stabbed just outside a crowded Tube station in West London in broad daylight. [210] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. The current operator, London Underground Limited (LUL), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL), the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in London. According to Ruth Artmonsky, over 150 women artists were commissioned by Pick and latterly Christian Barman to design posters for London Underground, London Transport and London County Council Tramways. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. Bombardier won the contract in June 2011 but was released by agreement in December 2013, and London Underground has now issued another signalling contract, with Thales. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. [205] In March 2012 the cost of this in the previous year to travellers was 66.5million. [228] A 2010 London Assembly report concluded that over 10% of people in London had reduced mobility[229] and, with an ageing population, numbers will increase in the future. [319][320] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[312] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. Although the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station at Paddington is on the other side of the main line station to the Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, it is shown as a single station on the current Tube map, but still counted as 2 in the official station count. 3. [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. This London Underground Stations quiz is designed to test London's biggest transport fanatics. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. These would be used to increase frequencies and cover the Battersea extension on the Northern line.[183]. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. [202] It can be loaded with Travelcards and used on the Underground, the Overground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway, and National Rail services within London. Chalk Farm Station is the closest to Primrose Hill. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. How many Tube line stations are there? [87] Despite this, substantial investment to upgrade and modernise the Tube has taken place - with new trains (such as London Underground S7 and S8 Stock), new signalling, upgraded stations (such as King's Cross St Pancras) and improved accessibility (such as at Green Park). The opening of the Northern line extension to Battersea in September 2021 added two new stations to the network (Battersea Power Station and Nine Elms), bringing the total to 272.[4]. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. [313] The Central London Railway used colour illustrations in their 1905 poster,[314] and from 1908 the Underground Group, under Pick's direction, used images of country scenes, shopping and major events on posters to encourage use of the tube. The system is composed of eleven lines Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City serving 272 stations. [76] Under the control of the GLC, London Transport introduced a system of fare zones for buses and underground trains that cut the average fare in 1981. [68], The District line needed new trains and an unpainted aluminium train entered service in 1953, this becoming the standard for new trains. The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[302] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [303] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. [247] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. Printed in yellow on the Tube map, the 17-mile (27 km) line serves 36 stations, including most of London's main line termini. [321] Harold Hutchison became London Transport publicity officer in 1947, after the Second World War and nationalisation, and introduced the "pair poster", where an image on a poster was paired with text on another. Of the 32 London boroughs, six (Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Kingston, Lewisham and Sutton) are not served by the Underground network, while Hackney has Old Street (on the Northern line Bank branch) and Manor House (on the Piccadilly line) only just inside its boundaries. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). [157] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. [204] The Oyster card must be 'touched in' at the start and end of a journey, otherwise it is regarded as 'incomplete' and the maximum fare is charged. Jubilee line - 36.2km A saviour for the outskirts of London, which were previously horribly under-served, the Jubilee line is the newest on the network. [129] Since 1999 all new stock has had to comply with accessibility regulations that require such things as access and room for wheelchairs, and the size and location of door controls. [216][217] The nightly closures are used for maintenance,[216] but some lines stay open on New Year's Eve[218] and run for longer hours during major public events such as the 2012 London Olympics. Here are the most magnificent Tube stations on the London Underground. [144] Each lift was staffed, and at some quiet stations in the 1920s the ticket office was moved into the lift, or it was arranged that the lift could be controlled from the ticket office. [214][215], The tube closes overnight during the week, but since 2016, the Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines, as well as a short section of the London Overground have operated all night on Friday and Saturday nights. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. [244], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. It also depends on an absence of turbulence in the tunnel headspace. [54] The Waterloo & City Railway, which was by then in the ownership of the main line Southern Railway, remained with its existing owners. London Underground patronage by line in 201617, Underground Electric Railways Company era, Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle), The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. This list includes all stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. The Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. The Northern line operates at roughly 8-minute intervals between Morden and Camden Town via Charing Cross, and at 15-minute intervals between Camden Town and Edgware and between Camden Town and High Barnet. Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. Photo Sales. The line is predicted to run 30 trains per hour, an increase of up to 50% on the current 21 trains per hour. Heathrow Terminal 4 Underground station is accessible via lifts or stairs on Level -1. Some stations are in two zones, and the cheapest fare applies. [206], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. Almost all of the route, and all the stations, are shared with one or more of the three other sub-surface lines, namely the District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. When the Central line was extended east, the stations were simplified Holden proto-Brutalist designs,[295] and a cavernous concourse built at Gants Hill in honour of early Moscow Metro stations. [155], In mid-2012, London Underground, in partnership with Virgin Media, tried out Wi-Fi hot spots in many stations, but not in the tunnels, that allowed passengers free internet access. In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). Travel tools; [239] Capacity increases have been overtaken by increased demand, and peak overcrowding has increased by 16 percent since 200405. [272][39] The roundel was first printed on a map cover using the Johnston typeface in June 1919, and printed in colour the following October. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) was established in 1902 to fund the electrification of the District Railway and to complete and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, which opened in 1906-07. [12], The early tube lines, originally owned by several private companies, were brought together under the Underground brand in the early 20th century, and eventually merged along with the sub-surface lines and bus services in 1933 to form London Transport under the control of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB). An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. 2. The line will be the first to be upgraded as part of the New Tube for London Project, as passenger numbers have increased over recent years and are expected to increase further. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. [75], In 1979 another new tube, the Jubilee line, named in honour of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee, took over the Stanmore branch from the Bakerloo line, linking it to a newly constructed tube between Baker Street and Charing Cross stations. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. [154] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. [324][325] Major commissions by Art on the Underground in recent years have included Labyrinth by Turner prize winning artist Mark Wallinger to mark the 150th anniversary of the London Underground,[326] "Diamonds and Circles" permanent works "in situ" by French artist Daniel Buren at Tottenham Court Road[327] and "Beauty < Immortality, a memorial to Frank Pick by Langlands & Bell at Piccadilly Circus. These London Underground quiz questions and answers are designed to test your knowledge on all aspects of one of the world's most extensive (and most expensive!) The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. Tube stations were used as air-raid shelters during . Use our travel tools to check your travel. [58] The Second World War suspended these plans after the Bakerloo line had reached Stanmore and the Northern line High Barnet and Mill Hill East in 1941. The system operates below ground in central London but runs on the surface in the outlying suburbs. [163], A southern extension of the Bakerloo line from Elephant & Castle has been proposed multiple times since the line opened. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. [212] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. [285], In the first decade of the 20th century Leslie Green established a house style for the tube stations built by the UERL, which were clad in ox-blood faience blocks. 3. Five trains will be required for the Northern line extension and 45 to increase frequencies on the rest of the line. [296] Few new stations were built in the 50 years after 1948, but Misha Black was appointed design consultant for the 1960s Victoria line, contributing to the line's uniform look,[297] with each station having an individual tile motif. For the album by Herbie Mann, see. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [48] After the war, government-backed financial guarantees were used to expand the network and the tunnels of the City and South London and Hampstead railways were linked at Euston and Kennington;[49] the combined service was not named the Northern line until later. [317] The Met, strongly independent, used images on timetables and on the cover of its Metro-land guide that promoted the country it served for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. Kings Cross St Pancras with 6. LONDON UNDERGROUND LINES & STATIONS THE BAKERLOO LINE The Bakerloo Line was opened in 1906 and is fourteen and a half miles long. Over 500million journeys have taken place using contactless, and TfL has become one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network. [162] The EE network has also recently released a WiFi calling feature available on the iPhone. 4 Northern line - 58km. Devised in 1933 by Harry Beck, the London Underground map is a 20th-century design classic. London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. [135][136] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[132] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [6] The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. This resulted in the closure of the short section of tunnel between Green Park and Charing Cross stations. It is served by twenty five stations between Harrow &. Recurrent architectural structures, an array of surfaces and an abundance of beautifully designed furniture, lighting and details all make London's iconic 150-year-old transport system pretty special. [274] Between 1948 and 1957 the word "Underground" in the bar was replaced by "London Transport". [171], The signalling system on the Victoria line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by around 25%; the line now runs up to 36 trains per hour compared to 2728 previously. For London Underground passengers, research suggests that transfers are highly costly in terms of walk and wait times. [311] Graphic posters first appeared in the 1890s,[312] and it became possible to print colour images economically in the early 20th century. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. 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